O verbo to have indica posse e é o segundo mais falado no idioma, perdendo apenas para o verbo to be. Por conta disso, é um assunto que deve ser estudado com atenção pelos estudantes.
O verbo to have é um verbo irregular do inglês, que no português quer dizer -ter, -possuir. Contudo, ele pode assumir diferentes significados a depender do contexto que seja usado.
Esse verbo tem diferentes usos no idioma, por isso seu significado pode variar. Pode ser usado como verbo principal da oração, como auxiliar na construção de outros tempos verbais e também como modal, usado para expressar necessidade ou obrigação.
Vale ressaltar que o verbo to have no passado é –had e quando usado na terceira pessoa (she, he e it), ele muda para “has”
.
Verbo to have como verbo principal
Como verbo principal, ele indica propriedade e posse, e equivale a –ter. Além disso, também pode indicar uma ação.
Exemplos:
- I have a blue shirt. / Eu tenho uma blusa azul.
- She has breakfast every morning. / Ela toma café da manhã todas as manhãs.
Como verbo auxiliar
O verbo to have como auxiliar é usado nos tempos verbais em inglês do tempo perfeito, que são os tempos compostos
:
- Present Perfect: He has broken his leg. /Ele quebrou a perna.
- Present Perfect Continuous: She has been working as a Mathematics teacher for 10 years. / Ela trabalha como professora de Matemática há 10 anos.
- Past Perfect: The film had already started when we got to the cinema. / O filme já tinha começado quando chegamos ao cinema.
- Past Perfect Continuous: He was tired because he had been studying for seven hours. / Ele estava cansado porque tinha estudado por sete horas.
- Future Perfect: They will have gone to their house by next week. / Eles terão ido para a casa deles na semana que vem.
- Future Perfect Continuous: Next year I will have been working here for four years. / No próximo ano estarei trabalhando aqui por quatro anos.
Have got
Em alguns casos, é possível acrescentar o particípio do verbo -get, -got. O sentido ainda é de posse, mas quando se trata de obrigação, seu sentido é dar maior ênfase na oração
.
Entretanto, essa forma é mais usada no inglês britânico. No americano é usado sem o –got.
Exemplos:
- They’ve got a wonderful house. / Eles têm uma casa maravilhosa.
- Suzy has got one sister and two brothers. / Suzy tem uma irmã e dois irmãos.
Como verbo modal
Como “modal verb”, o verbo to have tem a mesma função de verbo principal, contudo ele deve estar no infinito, ou seja, vir seguido do termo –to.
Simple Present
- I have to wash the dishes. / Tenho que lavar a louça. (Afirmativa)
- He doesn’t have to tell her your secret. / Ele não tem que contar a ele o seu segredo. (Negativa)
- Do you have to go today? / Você tem que ir hoje? (Interrogativa)
Simple Past
- I had to work until 5 p.m. / Tive de trabalhar até às cinco horas da tarde. (Afirmativa)
- They didn’t have to pay the bill. / Eles não tiveram de pagar a conta. (Negativa)
- Did they have to talk to the teacher about their grades? / Eles tiveram que falar com o professor sobre as notas deles? (Interrogativa)
Simple Future
- Beth will have to go by bus because her car broke. / Beth terá que ir de ônibus porque seu carro quebrou. (Afirmativa)
- Mike won’t have to read the book. / Mike não terá que ler o livro. (Negativa)
- Will you have to write the article about me? / Você terá que escrever o artigo sobre mim? (Interrogativa)
Conjugações do verbo to have
Simple Presente | Present continuous | Simple Past | Past Continuous |
I have | I am having | I had | I was having |
You have | You are having | You had | You were having |
He/She/It has | He/She/It is having | He/She/It had | He/She/It was having |
We have | We are having | We had | We were having |
You have | You are having | You had | You were having |
They have | They are having | They had | They were having |
Simple Future | Future Continuous | Present Perfect Simple | Present Perfect Continuous |
I will have | I will be having | I have had | I have been having |
You will have | You will be having | You have had | You have been having |
He/She/It will have | He/She/It will be having | He/She/It has had | He/She/It has been having |
We will have | We will be having | We have had | We have been having |
You will have | You will be having | You have had | You have been having |
They will have | They will be having | They have had | They have been having |
Past Perfect | Past Perfect Continuous | Future Perfect | Future Perfect Continuous |
I had had | I had been having | I will have had | I will have been having |
You had had | You had been having | You will have had | You will have been having |
He/She/It had had | He/She/It had been having | He/She/It will have had | He/She/It will have been having |
We had had | We had been having | We will have had | We will have been having |
You had had | You had been having | You will have had | You will have been having |
They had had | They had been having | They will have had | They will have been having |